Civil definition, of, relating to, or consisting of citizens. Exploring the roles played by some european and asiatic. This can be seen under the leadership of the chief of army staff coas, ltgen. In nigeria, state security often means regime security in the eyes of the political leadership and its supporters but such a view may not be shared either by the larger society or by factions in the military a reality which has no doubt created tensions in civilmilitary relations in the past. Despite the formal withdrawal of the armed forces from politics, the state of civilmilitary relations in nigeria remains abysmal. The nigerian civil war miamidade county public schools. A few petitions were related to intercommunal violence. Civil military relations cmr describes the relationship between civil societies as a. It gave the newly appointed regional military governors power to only legislate on matters in the concurrent list and with the prior consent of the fmg. Military might in the modern state is conceived as a tool for protecting members of the society from external aggression.
Since the time of independence in 1960, the military have held on to power for a record of 29 years. In fact, observers of the nigerian political scene have queried the view that nigeria returned to civilian democratic rule in 1999 following the massive election rigging in 1999, 2003 and 2007, respectively. It is also to ground officers and men of the nigerian army in the core civilmilitary relations areas and integrate civilmilitary affairs in the curriculum, doctrine and training of nigerian army. It is in this context that civilmilitary relations in nigerias fourth republic are examined. Other high profile petitions revolved around the question of how nigerias ethnic nationalities want to. Military aid to civil authority and disaster response. Decades of military rule with the associated highlevel corruption, gross mismanagement, nonaccountability, human rights abuses and outright criminality have discredited the military as an institution. Examine nigerias civilmilitary relations since independence. History of civilmilitary relations in nigeria part 8.
The military factor in nigerian politics by amuwo, kunle. Understanding some dynamics of civil military relations in nigeria. Military intervention in the nigerian politics and its. In this regard, a states civilmilitary relations will depend on a number of factors regarding the constitutional roles of the military that posit the military as professional in nature and not political military. History of civilmilitary relations in nigeria the first republic witnessed a resentful military in nigeria. As a knowledgedriven organisation, we have just added to the body of knowledge on civil military relations. In 1956 the nigeria regiment of the royal west african frontier force rwaff was renamed the nigerian military forces, rwaff, and in april 1958 the colonial government of nigeria. Published this march, 2019 is our civil military relations publication titled deepening civil military relations for effective peacebuilding and democratic governance in nigeria. Reforming civilmilitary relations for sustainable democracy in nigeria.
Sc degree in public administration school of management sciences, national open university of nigeria. A comparative, historical analysis ragnhild hoel thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts international studies at the stellenbosch university supervisor. Post civil war labour policy in nigeria and its impact on. This course centers on mechanisms of civilian control of the military. Increasingly, however, scholars call for studies of civilmilitary relations in africa to move beyond the narrow focus of coupproofing. By analyzing the basic parameters of democratic civilmilitary relations, we attempt to evaluate whether civilmilitary relations in the republic of serbia can be classified into a type of. An analysis of industrial relations practice in nigeria.
This boundary defines where military power begins and ends in terms of statutory functions, roles and activities. The bedrock for military coups and leadership in nigeria and many other countries slowly corroded as a result of the pressure mounted on political belief that people of different social classes, religions, races, etc should live together in a society like nigeria. Civilmilitary relations in a democratic nigeria 147 the weak, dependent and disarticulated nigerian economy further created poverty, insecurity and political instability. A case for an enduring civil military relations in the fourth republic and beyond. The concept of civilmilitary relations connotes a dynamic interaction between military 0 and the many civil sectors of the state as defined by a boundary. Conceptual discourse law and order the concept of law transcends social, political, economic and environmental dimension of human existence. The programme was organised by the new civil military department. One of the high points in efforts to democratize nigeria was the willingness of the obasanjo administration to investigate human rights abuses under past military regimes. Semantic scholar extracted view of civilmilitary relations in nigeria and tanzania. The nigerian civil war, also known as the nigerianbiafran war, 6 july 1967 15 january 1970, was a political conflict caused by the attempted secession of the southeastern provinces of nigeria as the selfproclaimed republic of biafra. The study relied much on primary sources especially government publications. Institutional control of the armed forces in nigerias. The nigerian army in the last one month have been on the charm offensive to improve its human rights records and reinvigorate its civilmilitary relations cmr. Department of political science and international relations.
Last week, i participated in the interactive session on civilmilitary relations at the 2 division of the nigerian army in ibadan. In nigerias fourth republic, the challenges of consolidating democracy, as it relates to civilmilitary relations, are not the result of the threat by the nations armed forces to retake. Relying on the influential texts of lasswell, huntington, and finer, the first classes clarify the basic tensions between the military and civilians. As the struggle among various political interests vying for control of affairs of nigeria rages and partisans are being recruited across the political spectrum, the nigerian military must be. Analyze the major events that took place outside nigeria during the civil war and how it changed the way nigerian leaders conduct external relations. Civilmilitary relation as a confidence building measure for national security. Civil military relations in nigerias fourth republic. In this context, the military are seen and appreciated as.
Post civil war labour policy in nigeria and its impact on industrial relations. Tukur buratai through the reabsorption of some dismissed soldiers and officers accused of acts. The military plays a crucial role when democratic consolidation is premised on establishing civilian control of the military, particularly in a country with a history of military coups. The major thesis elaborated upon in this article, both implicitly and explicitly, is that the military factor in nigerian politics has since january 1966 been largely played out in two not unrelated processes. Civil military relations in nigeria posts facebook.
Pdf civilmilitary relations in a democratic nigeria. France, united states of america, portugal, china and israel. History of civilmilitary relations in nigeria by dr. The civil military relations cmr project was conceived in response to the growing insecurities, mistrust and the changing nature of violent conflicts experienced across nigeria, especially since the return to democracy in may 1999. To what extend do you think obasanjo, military professionalism reform in the fourth republic. Reasons for military intervention in nigerian politics. Civilmilitary relations 2 2 2a third track, though further removed from the development of civilmilitary theory, is the large literature on the interrelationship between war, the military, and state development tilly 1975, downing 1991. These cases are chosen to create a field of variation that includes states with stable civilian rule, states with stable. Civil military relations and national security in nigeria. The nigerian armed forces are the armed forces of the federal republic of nigeria.
A ccording to the north atlantic treaty organization nato, the phrase civilmilitary relations encompasses all activities undertaken by nato commanders in war directly concerned with the relationship between allied armed forces and the government, civil population. Not to mention the prolonged military rule with its deleterious effect on civilmilitary relations in nigeria what ebo describes as the inversion of civilmilitary relations, with the structure of the relationship literarily standing on its head ebo, a 2005. The paper examined the roles played by those powers, that is, the motivating factors behind their involvement in. According to the north atlantic treaty organization nato, the phrase civilmilitary relations encompasses all activities undertaken by nato commanders in war directly concerned with the relationship between allied armed forces and the government, civil. Nigeria is the israel of africa from october 1, 1960, all our leaders never realized it.
The nigerian military and politics the guardian nigeria. The conflict was the result of economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various peoples of nigeria. By dr j kayode fayemi centre for democracy and developmentintroductionlet us begin from the hardly contestable premise that prolonged military rule has had an altogethernegative impact on the political development of nigeria. Pdf roadmap for fostering civil military relations in. The federal military government viewed the civil war as another type of political tool, albeit a bloody one. Therefore, the need to consolidate the nations nascent democracy on the one hand, unleashed a tendency for civilian government to assert greater influence over the officer corps and for military to try to defend their preexisting prerogatives. Development studies, covenant university, ota, ogun state nigeria. Abstract sequel to the civil war that threatened the corporate existence of nigeria in 1967, the military government that came to power in 1966 adopted a radical change within the. This creates a lacuna in nigeria s civilmilitary relations, a deep underlying structural distortion posing a grave challenge to the national democratization process. This quote is a point well made in relation to the nigerian civil war. Subject terms command, civilmilitary relations, just war tradition 15. History of civil military relations in nigeria dawodu. Osabiya babatunde assistant lecturer programme coordinator bachelor of science b.
A 1989 publication by the federal military government, four years of the babangida administration, summarized the priority issues of nigerian foreign policy. Cordial civil military relations is the base on which the modern state is constructed. International relations as a course ir of study reflects the. The importance of identity and the economic situation should especially receive more attention in theories addressing civilmilitary relations in africa. Both the military and the politicians engaged in competition and struggle for power and accumulation of wealth. The norms for civilmilitary relations in nigeria, by. It continues with an examination of the role of the military in the political. J omede, head, department of political science, university of ilorin, nigeria abstract. Reforming civil military relations for sustainable. Reasons for military intervention in nigerian politics the nigerian military has registered their unequivocal and unquestionable presence in the political atmosphere of the nigerian state. I conclude with a brief discussion of promising questions for future research. Using military leadership theory, the paper discusses how the military establishment engaged in strategic and tactical management of some sectors of the country, and how their beliefs influenced the development of different types of managerial elite in nigerias economy at different eras in.
The paper is an enquiry into civil military relations and leadership crisis in 21st century africa with emphasis on mauritania, guinea, niger and mali. Its origins lie in the elements of the royal west african frontier force that became nigerian when independence was granted in 1960. The faltering prospect of crafting stable civil military relations in africas emerging democracies luqman saka, ph d candidate, ghazali shafie graduate school, northern university of malaysia a. Civilmilitary relations civmil or cmr describes the relationship between civil society as a whole and its civil authority and the military organization or. Today, nigeria does not have the military capacity to take on both chad and cameroon at the same time, the battle theatre is too large and the two enemies have another new joker they can play on nigeria. The paper is an enquiry into civil military relations and leadership crisis in 21 st century africa with emphasis on mauritania, guinea, niger and mali. Section 3 provided that the federal military government has the power to make laws for the peace, order and government of nigeria. A plain definition of civil military relations is one that relates to the interaction between the armed forces and the rest of society. An analysis of industrial relations practice in nigeria and ghana similarities and differences in their systems adeniji, moses adenuga abstract this research work compare and contrast industrial relations practice in two west african countries paying a particular. Therefore, the interwoven relations between the ngoni warriors and the rest of society would not have 4 civil military relations in zambia.
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